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Treatment Guidelines from The Medical Letter

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127

March 1, 2013

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Antiviral Drugs

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Antiviral Drugs

March 1, 2013 (Issue: 127)

The drugs of choice for treatment of viral infections (other than HIV) and their dosages are listed in Tables 1-6 on the pages that follow. Some of the indications and dosages recommended here have not been approved by the FDA. Vaccines used for...more

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2. DW Kimberlin et al. Oral acyclovir suppression and neurodevelopment after neonatal herpes. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1284.

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5. A Klein et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of valacyclovir prophylaxis to prevent zoster recurrence from months 4 to 24 after BMT. Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 46:294.

6. SL Spruance et al. High-dose, short-duration, early valacyclovir therapy for episodic treatment of cold sores: results of two randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter studies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47:1072.

7. A Wald et al. Comparative efficacy of famciclovir and valacyclovir for suppression of recurrent genital herpes and viral shedding. Sex Transm Dis 2006; 33:529.

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9. SL Spruance et al. Single-dose, patient-initiated famciclovir: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for episodic treatment of herpes labialis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006; 55:47.

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13. JS Pepose et al. Ocular complications of smallpox vaccination. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136:343.

14. Antiviral drugs for influenza 2012-2013. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:97.

15. V Hiba et al. Benefit of early treatment with oseltamivir in hospitalized patients with documented 2009 influenza A (H1N1): retrospective cohort study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:1150.

16. N Lee et al. Outcomes of adults hospitalised with severe influenza. Thorax 2010; 65:510.

17. JK Louie et al. Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1) pdm09. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:1198.

18. S Toovey et al. Post-marketing assessment of neuropsychiatric adverse events in influenza patients treated with oseltamivir: an updated review. Adv Ther 2012; 29:826.

19. RE Ariano et al. Enteric absorption and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with pandemic (H1N1) influenza. CMAJ 2010; 182:357.

20. IM Kidd et al. H1N1 pneumonitis treated with intravenous zanamivir. Lancet 2009; 374:1036.

21. AH Gaur et al. Intravenous zanamivir for oseltamivir-resistant 2009 H1N1 Influenza. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:88.

22. DE Dulek et al. Use of intravenous zanamivir after development of oseltamivir resistance in a critically Ill immunosuppressed child infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:1493.

23. RJ Whitley et al. Global assessment of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors: 2008-2011. The Influenza Resistance Information Study (IRIS). Clin Infect Dis 2013 Jan 10 (epub).

24. AE Fiore et al. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza – recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2011; 60:1.

25. P Marcellin et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2008; 359:2442.

26. TT Chang et al. A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1001.

27. N Leung et al. Early hepatitis B virus DNA reduction in hepatitis Be antigen – positive patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized international study of entecavir versus adefovir. Hepatology 2009; 49:72.

28. Telbivudine (Tyzeka) for chronic hepatitis B. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2007; 49:11.

29. YF Liaw et al. 2-year GLOBE trial results: telbivudine is superior to lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:486.

30. HL Chan et al. Treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis with telbivudine or adefovir: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007; 147:745.

31. GR Han et al. A prospective and open-label study for the efficacy and safety of telbivdine in pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2011; 55:1215.

32. SJ Hadziyannis et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:800.

33. P Marcellin et al. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:808.

34. S Gaia et al. Lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B: an observational study on adefovir in monotherapy or in combination with lamivudine. J Hepatol 2008; 48:540.

35. K Lacombe et al. Comparison of the antiviral activity of adefovir and tenofovir on hepatitis B virus in HIV-HBV-coinfected patients. Antivir Ther 2008; 13:705.

36. SJ Hadziyannis et al. Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years. Gastroenterology 2006; 131:1743.

37. O Schildgen et al. Variant of hepatitis B virus with primary resistance to adefovir. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1807.

38. YF Liaw et al. Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1521.

39. Drugs for HIV infection. Treat Guidel Med Lett 2011; 9:29.

40. EB Keeffe et al. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: a 2008 update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:1315.

41. MS Saag. Emtricitabine, a new antiretroviral agent with activity against HIV and hepatitis B virus. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:126.

42. SG Lim et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled study of emtricitabine in chronic hepatitis B. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:49.

43. AS Lok and BJ McMahon. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Available at http://www.aasld.org. Accessed February 18, 2013.

44. F Nevens et al. A randomized, open-label, multicenter study evaluating the efficacy of peginterferon alfa-2a versus interferon alfa-2a, in combination with ribavirin, in naïve and relapsed chronic hepatitis C patients. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2010; 73:223.

45. P Marcellin et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1206.

46. GK Lau et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 2005; 352:2682.

47. HL Janssen et al. Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial. Lancet 2005; 365:123.

48. GV Matthews et al. Patterns and causes of suboptimal response to tenofovir based treatment in HIV-HBV infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2013 Jan 11 (epub).

49. ML Shiffman et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 16 or 24 weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:124.

50. Telaprevir (Incivek) and boceprevir (Victrelis) for chronic hepatitis C. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2011; 53:57.

51. R Chou et al. Comparative effectiveness of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in adults: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158:114.

52. F Poordad et al. Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1195.

53. BR Bacon et al. Boceprevir for previously treated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1207.

54. IM Jacobson et al. Telaprevir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:2405.

55. S Zeuzem et al. Telaprevir for retreatment of HCV infection. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:2417.

56. DW Kimberlin et al. Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 2003; 143:16.

57. P Reusser et al. Randomized multicenter trial of foscarnet versus ganciclovir for preemptive therapy of cytomegalovirus infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2002; 99:1159.

58. E De Clercq. Clinical potential of the acyclic nucleoside phosphonates cidofovir, adefovir, and tenofovir in treatment of DNA virus and retrovirus infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16:569.

59. M Bray and CJ Roy. Antiviral prophylaxis of smallpox. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54:1.

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